A P Short Story Analysis - 952 Words

The short story â€Å"AP† by John Updike is told through first person narration and is about a teenage male who works at a local supermarket in New England, â€Å"AP†, observing young girls as he is checking out customers in line. The girls have no idea that this young man is privately making judgements of them. The judgements transpire with the lines â€Å"there was this chunky one† (438), â€Å"there was this one, with one of those chubby berry faces† (438), and â€Å"this wasn’t quite so tall† (438), all relating to the three girls he has seen from across his cashier stand. This story is made primarily of commercial fiction, to reach a bigger audience from its captivating story line, to keep one hooked and not want to stop reading. The ways in which in â€Å"AP†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦The suspense begins from when the girls arrive at the supermarket and are seen wearing bathing suits, in a place where it is not socially accep table, causing uproar. The first line is when Updike lets the reader into the mind of what is happening at the current moment at the supermarket, â€Å"In walks these three girls in nothing but bathing suits. I’m in the third checkout slot, with my back to the door, so I don’t see them until they’re over by the bread† (437). The suspense unfolds when as stated previously that wearing that sort of attire is frowned upon, â€Å"You know, it’s one thing to have a girl in a bathing suit down on the beach, where what with the glare nobody can look at each other much anyway, and another thing in the cool of the AP, under the fluorescent lights, against all those stacked packages, with her feet paddling along naked over our checkerboard green-and-cream rubber-tile floor.† (439) These lines create a whole other dynamic that the girls do not follow the rules, rebelling against what is considered correct and makes Sammy more physically vulnerable to them. Now, the girls were solely in this store to pick up snacks after one of their mothers asked them, having Sammy to infer on how they must live. â€Å"Men [must be] standing around in ice-cream coats and bow ties and the women were in sandals picking up herring snacks on toothpicks off a big glass plate and they were allShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Short Stories A P By John Updike977 Words   |  4 PagesThe short stories AP by John Updike and How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, Halfie by Junot Diaz both discuss women through classification and symbolism. The short stories are The young ladies in the short stories are judged throughout the story based on their race, ethnicity, and physical features. They are also described in a symbolic aspect, as the young ladies are continuously described by certain features and actions. The short stories are both examples of how men have differentRead MoreA Brief Note On Gender And Communication Effectiveness1403 Words   |  6 PagesApparatus Short story scenarios using different communication strategies were used in this study and the participants answered questions about the short story and the effectiveness of the strategies. Participants were asked to give the gender they perceived each character in the short story to be, as well as state their own gender. A 4-point Likert Scale was used in this experiment. Design This study used a within subject design in which the same participants read over the same short story and answeredRead MoreHills Like White Elephants : A Critical Analysis1708 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†: A Critical Analysis Introduction: One of the many themes in his stories for which Ernest Heming way is known, includes feminism. At Hemingway’s time feminism was known as a famous movement and it affected many important writers like Octavia Butler and Virginia Woolf. Hemingway was a literary icon of his time and he was influenced by the political, social and human rights movements of his time. He was also touched by the hopelessness of women and how their thinkingRead MoreComparing AP and An Ounce of Cure Essay601 Words   |  3 PagesComparing AP and An Ounce of Cure If a reader is given two short stories, two stories that are seemingly different on the surface, to read and compare and contrast, a surprising amount of similarities and differences can be found. Unless they deal with the same subject matter, most short stories arent really related, until some analysis is done. The stories AP, by John Updike, and An Ounce of Cure, by Alice Munro, are very similar but very different. One of the mot important similaritiesRead MoreA P By John Updike1441 Words   |  6 Pagesshown in three of his short stories: â€Å"AP†, â€Å"Ace in the Hole†, and â€Å"Pigeon Feathers†. Updike’s narrative technique is explored through the analysis of plot structure, thematic patterning, and irony in these three short stories. The plot in each of these short stories focuses on normal American, middle-class life. â€Å"AP† is about a young man that does not want to conform to society and what others want him to do. Sammy deviates from the social norm by quitting his job at the AP while attempting toRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1446 Words   |  6 PagesErnest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† explores the topics of abortion, sex before marriage, and feelings of separation. There are many different points of view one can take on Hemingway’s work. The main literary analysis that will be explained is the significance of the title and how it is layered into the story in various places. In addition to this, the narrator’s point of view will also be discussed since it plays a role in bringing the characters together. Lastly, it willRead MoreRoom Full of Angels820 Words   |  4 PagesRoom Full of Angles The short-story â€Å"Room Full of Angles† is written in the 90’s by the author Mike Benson. He throws us directly into the story â€Å"as my stomach reached my throat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (P.60, l.1-2) Often you get an introduction to the story you are reading, because it is a good way to attract the listeners’ attention. The beginning in Mike Benson’s story is called â€Å"In media-res†. Especially it’s important to know that the story is written by a first person-narrator; this means that we have to beRead MoreThe Case Of Mason Jet Lee Essay989 Words   |  4 Pagesweeks the story continues to receive intense media scrutiny as it evolved with new information coming forward. Politicians have spoken up, the public has weighed in and the Department of Child Safety has been interrogated. This report is investigates on a compilation of news stories collected in the last 4 weeks from various sources in relation to this matter. There will be a discus sion on the methodology utilised in the selection of the articles on this report followed by a critical analysis of theRead MoreTell Tale Heart Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pagesliterary devices enables the story to strongly entice the reader’s interest and spark high levels of curiosity. The vivid mental pieces of art are beautifully painted with metaphors, symbolism, and imagery, the tools mastered by the painter, Edgar Allen Poe. The initial analysis will be that of the old man’s eye. Mr. Poe uses very descriptive technique to allow the reader to view the eye for themselves, there are no literal pictures within the pages of the story, the pictures are therefore seenRead MoreEpicac Analysis1029 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of EPICAC A short story written by Kurt Vonnegut The short story EPICAC is written by Kurt Vonnegut. It is a fictional text about a very intelligent and expensive computer, EPICAC, built by Dr. Ormand Von Kleigstadt to solve complex worldly problems. The narrator works with EPICAC on the night shift along with another mathematician; Pat Kilgallen, whom the narrator wishes to marry, but because of his lack of romance and poetic skills she keeps turning him down. That is how one day the

Cigarettes are Killing Us - 1489 Words

Cigarettes kill more Americans than suicide, vehicular accidents, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, ADIS, and homicides combined. Cigarettes do not support or benefit the public in a positive way. Cigarettes are filled with thousands of chemicals and are highly addictive. Cigarettes have caused numerous mental and physical problems for smokers and the people who surround them, impacting families, communities and society. Cigarettes and tobacco should become an illegal drug in North America. The negative traits of smoking outweigh the positive traits; tobacco should not be accessible to the public. â€Å"Smoking kills† these two words should be very familiar. The effects of first-hand smoke from cigarettes are pathetically publicize, barley educating†¦show more content†¦(â€Å"Nicotine and Tobacco: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia†) Users of nicotine will experience withdrawal symptoms two to three hours after the last time they smoked such as anxiety, depression, headaches, and drowsiness, difficulty sleeping, restless or frustration, making quitting this deadly drug extremely difficult. Other than nicotine there are over four thousand chemicals in cigarettes and more than sixty nine of these known chemicals are carcinogen. (â€Å"What’s in a Cigarette.†) Disgusting and extremely dangers chemicals are found in tobacco and cigarettes such as carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas that decreases the quantity of oxygen taken up by a individuals red blood cells, hydrogen cyanide, the poison used in gas chambers to kill soldiers during World War ll, cadmium, used in car batteries, butane, lighter fluid and tar, a brown and thick liquid that paralyses the cilia in the lungs. (â€Å"Whats in cigarette smoke?†) If cigarettes were not accessible to the public, the addiction would not occur and the problems the thousands of life threating chemicals found in cigarettes would end. Although tobacco and cigarettes kill 480,000 smokers per year in the United States, kill an estimated 42,000 non-smokers per year in the United States (â€Å"Fast Facts†) Cigarettes are one of the most heavily taxed product in the United States. (â€Å"RJ Reynolds†) In 2012 theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jean Kilbourne s Video, Killing Us Softly 41485 Words   |  6 PagesIn Jean Kilbourne’s video, Killing Us Softly 4, Jean expresses how advertisements have been portraying women as a sex symbol or even as just a typical housewife. She talks about how the advertisements have sold various products by not necessarily selling the product itself, but by using women or men to sell the product for them. Ad agencies have used sex and body image to create a type of selling factor for their product. These selling strategies have shaped the way society views women and how womenRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes791 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Smoking Cigarettes Should be Illegal Smoking cigarettes should be illegal due to the vast amount of annual deaths it causes. Smoking produces 10 times the amount of pollution that a diesel car exhaust would. This shows that not only are humans and animals affected by smoking, our environment is greatly damaged by the amount of pollution smoking creates. Smoking is something that people usually get addicted to, like a drug.This drug can cause many diseases such as lung cancer. Not only can itRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cigarettes844 Words   |  4 PagesCigarettes have been around since the late 1800’s. Over that time, they have been perceived as this trend setting drug that will make you super cool. Their advertisements convince the buyers that they would make you more appealing to the other sex, more interesting, and a better person if you would start smoking, and that for the most part has kept up to this day. However, thankfully to awareness advertisements we have become more informed on how dangerous cigar ettes really are. We now know whatRead MoreShould Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?899 Words   |  4 Pages Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned Whether or not cigarette smoking should be banned completely, has become an object of controversy in many countries. Should cigarette smoking be banned for everyone in the United States? Smoking tobacco products have been around for decades and in many different forms. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deathsRead MoreThe Anti Smoking Campaign Is Too Late1367 Words   |  6 PagesAs of 2013, about 17.8% of Americans smoke cigarettes, subjecting themselves to lung cancer and other fatal diseases. This image is an ad from a Neuroscience blog covering the topic of anti-smoking ads and campaigns. The purpose of this ad is to emphasize the importance of quitting smoking before it is too late. The anti-smoking campaign has a targeted audience of smokers and the loved ones of those who smoke. This ad effectively persuades smokers to giv e up smoking by the use of simplicity in organizationRead MoreThe Most Difficult Challenge My Generation Will Face Is Pollution851 Words   |  4 Pageshas a job and a role to play in this world, but due to pollution and the disturbance it causes the balance of nature has now shifted. Over the past couple of decades, pollution has become an epidemic problem. The catastrophic impact it has on us is so severe that it even affects our water and air, the two most essential elements on which all life depends upon. Water is one of the most essential things humans need to survive. 75% of the human body is made of water and 70% of the earthRead MoreSmoking Be Banned831 Words   |  4 Pagesand also people’s money. Some people can leave without food, but they can not live without cigarette or other source of smoke. And this can lead them to death. I had an uncle whose name was Pravin. He was 30 years old, tall, dark guy. He used to smoke almost full pack of cigarette per day. Whenever we tell him that, uncle cigarette is bad for you. Lots of people have died because of smoking, he used to tell us that nothing is going to happen to me. I am not going to die because of just smoking. WeRead MoreThe Tobacco Industry: Profiting From Death1091 Words   |  5 Pagesis a product that kills justified in the market? This product is not only addictive, but also highly threatening to the lives of its users. The majority of users do not realize it, but in reality they are paying for their own funeral. Tobacco and cigarette companies continue to feed lies to the public through their marketing strategies and product makeup. Hidden documents containing information on the toxicity and pharmacological properties of nicotine were put into protected categories and even shippedRead MoreTobacco And Its Effect On The Nervous System1022 Words    |  5 Pages Tobacco is simply an agricultural crop, which is used abundantly in making cigarettes. It is a green plant that is commonly found in warm climates, and it was first grown in 1612 in Virginia as a â€Å"profit crop† for them. Tobacco was used a cash crop for the Virginians, and thats were the origins of such an industry can be accredited to. Since then, Virginia’s economy as well agriculture has been heavily influenced by tobacco. Nicotine is the main ingredient in tobacco, which is found in moreRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes Should Not Be Legal Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing out there for the public to do, there are activities you could be doing and having an exciting moment of your life instead of smoking. Everyone thinks about the smell of a cigarette and the appearance of a smoker and think â€Å"Hey, there s a bum right there,† but they do not know about the true nature of cigarettes and smoking. Smoking may be considered a ‘hobby’ to someone who smokes yet most people do not know is the dark side to smoking. A ban on smoking will make a huge impact if it were

Concept of Sustainability in Tourism Policy and Planning

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Sustainability in Tourism Policy and Planning. Answer: Introduction Tourism is considered to be the most important sector which helps in enhancing the development and growth of the concerned area or places. The tourism is defined as the desired practice of traveling in order to have the pleasure basically on the holidays. It is organized consisting of visits t several other places. It becomes very important to understand the desired importance of tourism as well as the benefits from tourism to the concerned city or the areas of tourism. One such tourism is the Australian tourism which aims to have a large number of varieties for the different tourists. The tourism sector in Australia is considered to be increasing rapidly and it is the strongest component of the Australian economy. Considering the financial year of 2014 to 2015 the tourism throughout Australian represented 3.0% of the entire GDP of the country which added AUD47.5 billion to the nations economy. Therefore, it becomes more important to understand the desired role of the tourism sector in evaluating the nation's economic growth. This research paper will help in highlighting the different tourist places and the role and importance of the tourism in Australia. Some of the places include Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane including some of the most popular destinations such as the Queensland, the gold coast and Great Barrier Reef (Mistilis et al., 2014). There is the uniqueness in the wildlife which helps in attracting a large number of the people toward it. The primary reason to get attracted towards the wildlife is kangaroos to some extent as the percentage of Kangaroos are m ore throughout the Australia. Purpose/Aims The purpose of the paper is to bring out the desired facts associated with the Australian Tourism and to understand the importance of the tourism sector in the development and growth of the countrys economy. People should understand the different aspects of the tourism sector as it helps in increasing the standard of living of the people. Moreover, it promotes the development and growth of the selected areas. The aim of the paper is to bring out the creative ideas and the knowledge of the candidates regarding the tourism sector in Australia. The identification of scope becomes more important as it helps in identified the different areas in the tourism sector. Effective research is important in order to get the desired ideas related to the geographic as well as the demographics. Moreover, the future scope of the tourism sector needs to be evaluated as this helps in the development of the concerned region. There is the crucial requirement of the effective research throughout the concerned market areas and the tourist areas as these reveal the importance of those selected places. Moreover, the need of the tourists along with the attraction of the customers needs to be identified as to enhance their satisfaction level. In order to develop the tourism sector, most important is to enhance the climatic and the geographical locations as these become the point of attraction for the respective tourists. The climatic change nad the geographical conditions draw the attention of the audiences to the selection of the places for visit and therefore, it becomes more important for the Australian government to enhanced the effectiveness of these places as to attract a large number of the public towards it. In order to make Australia a perfect tourists destination, the tourism department is working hard and is closely related to the travel industries and the different states or territories. Demographic The demographic factors need to be considered as this generates enormous impact on the respective tourists. The choices of the people based on their ages, gender, and lifestyle need to be categorized in order to improve the different tourist places in Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney and in Queensland. Services are supposed to be of great significance as this helps in increasing the satisfaction level of the tourist. Therefore, it becomes the primary responsibility of the government to enhance the selected tourist places as the development of the Australian tourism will strengthen the economic condition. The services include different facilities consisting of the traveling, site visiting, and the food items. There are certain terms in the tourism sector that need to be evaluated as to have the better understanding. The definitions have been provided below: Natural Attraction The beautiful attraction towards the natural environment of Australian tourism attracts the tourists to visit the places. There are several destinations of tourists which consist of a wide range of community attractions. Some of the attractions are natural, including beaches Waterfalls, and some are artificial, such as- parks, zoos, etc. There are several religious places such as, Castles, and Cathedrals which haven't build for tourism, but the places have created a specialty among tourism attraction. Domestic tourists Domestic tourists acts as another important term in Australian tourism. Native people are getting attracted towards the natural and artificial tourism spots of Australia. People of different regions visit the tourism spots within their country and enjoys their leisure moments. Economic impacts Superb attraction towards Australian tourism, increasing the number of visitors and tourists in Australia impacts on its daily economic values. The rapid increase in the tourism visits, creating a huge amount of business profits of Australian tourism. National and international tourism of Australia, simultaneously are enlarging profitable earnings of the country. Environmental impacts The increase in the visit of tourists in Australia, reflects the environmental factor of the entire country. There are several positive and negative changes which occur in the presence of tourism in the country. Vegetation trampling is one of the negative examples of this. International tourists Huge number of international tourist attraction is increasing in throughout Australia. People from different countries and different regions are visiting Australia, by crossing the international borders. Facility A vast number of facilities are been provided to the Australian tourists, like- country parks, travel agencies, luxurious hotels and resorts, libraries, art galleries, sports centers, etc. Historic site Australian tourism consists of several historical places, buildings, and monuments which give more tourist attraction. Service - Several leisure services like, catering services are there in Australian tourism, for which the tourist people gets more attracted towards this place. Background information The tourism industry of Australia creates a major impact on the economic level of the nation. Various places of various regions get attracted towards the Australian tourism. People of different countries and of different occupations visit Australia for leisure. Australia, considered to be the land of dreams, consists of top tourism attracted places as described below: Sydney Opera House the Opera House of Sydney, Australia, is one of the greatest architectural icons throughout the world. The stunning location, the water surrounding on the three sides, and the south faced Royal Botanic Gardens attracts the people all over the world. Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier reef in Australia is considered to be the worlds largest living structure and one of the seven wonders of the world. Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park It is one of the most photographed natural wonders of the world. The park is filled with red a dome-shaped rock which is known as Kata Tjuta. The visitors enjoy the natural scenario of this during sunset. There are many more famous tourist attracted places are there in Australia, such as, Sydney Harbour Bridge, which is the world's largest steel arch bridge, Blue Mountains National Park, consisting of many Eucalyptus trees, bush land, waterfalls. Melbourne, Bondi beach, Daintree National Park, Fraser Island, Kakadu National Park, Great Ocean Road, Broome and the Kimberley region are the other famous tourist places of Australia. A large amount of tourism is creating the huge amount of profits in the Australian Tourism Industry. People from different places are getting attracted towards the leisure spots and facilities provided to them. Hence, the economic and environmental benefits are increasing rapidly of the Australian Tourism business. Public awareness is getting spread worldwide, even in huge amount, through social media. Tourists are sharing their leisure experiences at Australia, with their family friends, through face to face, and also through various social networking sites, which resulting in the economic profits of the Australian tourism (Moyle et al., 2014). Theoretical framework There are different key theories and models in tourism which needs to be evaluated in order to have the desired concepts of this particular sector. Theories or Models Description along Early tourism development destination model These mainly focused on the life cycle, attributes and the growth of the location as to make it attractive Tourism attraction model It is mainly based on curve which reveals that the destination evolves mainly because of the growth, explanation and the development Natural section along with the structural forces This mainly focuses on the different species survival and evolution in order to describe the most competitive edge in natural section Cluster theory This has originated from the desired work of porter allowing different private sectors in order to strengthen the product quality or the strongest base of the selected tourist place Episodic Model This reveals the fact that the growth of the tourism sector mainly promotes tourist places and it occurs in a concerned sporadic incremental change Review of the literature There are many of the past well-known researchers who critically reviewed the fact that tourism helps in enhancing the development and growth of the country's economic. Throughout the different market segments of Australia, it has been found that the people are more prone towards the use of the luxurious items and the craze regarding the site visiting is seen on the large number in the tourists visiting there on. Different theories mentioned above critically explain the desired importance of the different factors in the tourism sector and thus the geographical and the demographic factors should be prioritized. The development of the different locations in different places of Australia is of immense importance as this helps in increasing the number of the tourists per year which will finally help in improving the overall economic growth of the entire country. It has been seen that the resilience theory in tourism reflects that stability, control as well as a system is important in ord er to enhance the satisfaction level of the tourists coming across the different places. Moreover, the attraction of the different locations is mainly because of the site maintained by the government as well as the regular authorities and this needs to be improved as to enhance the satisfaction level of the tourists. The sea beaches are found to be most attractive places for the tourist visiting Australia. The entire Australia is the most attractive place throughout the world as per the beaches are concerned. The country has wonderful beaches which provide a great sense of enthusiasm to the people. Moreover, it has been seen that the experiences of the different guest are not the same, but people should collaborate in order to increase the effectiveness of site visiting. The different theories given by many of the well-known researchers have evaluated that different resorts and the traveling throughout the different locations need to be of perfect. This helps in enhancing the experi ence of the tourist and is considered to be beneficial for the development and growth of the entire country. There are different theories and one such theory is the natural selection and the structural forces which mainly focus on the development of the natural species. The perseverance helps in improving the natural wildlife as well as the different other sectors which provide benefit to the entire nation. Methodology Different survey methods have been used to find out the exact responses and opinions of the tourists visiting different places. The survey has been conducted throughout different location of Australia, such as in Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney and the Queensland. The tourists were asked different questions and they need to answer it on the basis of their own personal experience. Qualitative, as well as the quantitative method, helps in bringing out the exact data regarding the particular matter. The analysis of the primary and the secondary research increases the chances of an accuracy of the data gathered from the effective research. It has been seen that different methods are used by different people to get the desired responses from the public regarding their own personal experience. The online survey is seen to be most successful at present times as it executes the survey throughout a wide number of the tourists concerned. The occurrence of the online survey is basically to found th e desired feedback of the audiences visiting different places. The sources also play the most vital role in matching up with the required information as needed by the concerned authorities. The attraction of the different places such as the beaches or the statutes is vital and the factors affecting this places needs to be identified which can be done by conducting an effective research on the entire place. The effective research on this will help in bringing out the desired issues of the customers that are the tourist which can be further improved to a large extent. Moreover, it needs to be understood that the attraction is not only for the aged or the youth but the attraction of the selected tourist's places needs to be developed considered people of all ages so that the maximum number of the tourists can be attracted towards the selected locations. A set of few question needs to be developed furthermore, as to understand the exact response of the tourists. On the other hand, it ha s been seen that the Australian Tourism is mainly famous because of the sea beaches which brings out more customers on the beach. From the effective research conducted throughout the different selected locations of Australia, a vast data on the Australian tourism is collected which reveals the likes and dislikes of the tourists. Different people have their own personal different opinion as per their experiences. On the other hand, many of the responses of the tourists found to get marched from the other tourists. This was one of the major areas where the government of Australia needs to focus in order to enhance the satisfaction level of the tourists. There were some of the issues found related to the arrangement of the bicycles and cars as to visit other places on their own. There exists some of the economical as well as the social forces which should be identified in order to increase the efficiency of the Australian Tourism. Moreover, one other issue that is found is the behavior of few of the people in respect to the people coming from the different countries. The racists are one of the vital points that ne ed to be looked upon by the government in order to make it suitable for the different tourists to come and visit different locations in Australia. Furthermore, there were many of the vendors as well as the travel agents found asking for more money from the tourist in order to provide the travel or the food services. Discussion of the findings The results obtained from the different survey conducted reveals that maximum numbers of the people are quite satisfied with the Australian tourism. The development of the different tourism sector is found to be more attractive and is growing rapidly as to make the different locations suitable for the tourists coming all along the different locations of the world. the traveling sector needs to be much more improved and the government t should look forward to improving the services offered by it. The findings reflect that the environment made is pollution free where people can live an unmatched holiday experience. The feedbacks and the responses received from the people make it very helpful for the other people to visit different places in Australia. Furthermore, the tourism sector throughout Australia is found to be growing rapidly. A major involvement to tourism is prepared by cultural tourism. The experience generates by Australian performance, illustration arts, as well as the her itage, are exclusive. Australia's National Tourism Policy is to add to Australia's financial as well as social well-being throughout the expansion of the policy that attains on globally viable tourism division alert on sustainable expansion. Encouraging the growth of competent and effective transportation network, a development local tourism expansion, attractive industry standards and different skill levels improve Australia's image as a secure with a pleasant destination. Therefore the pleasant experiences gained by different tourists increases the chances of having more profits. Conclusion The research paper concludes that tourism is one of the most important parts for the economic, socio-cultural and environmental factor of every country. Australian tourism is one of the greatest tourism spots throughout the world. People from different countries and different places are getting attracted towards Australian tourism. Hence, the business process is running excellent, even through globally. The wonderful tourism of this country attracts people of its own country and the international too. The tremendous public and tourism attraction towards Australia is creating excellence impact in the country's economic and environmental factors. The paper also concludes several challenges that have been recommended and planned, in order to enhance the business policy in a huge amount. There exist a few of the economical as well as the social forces which must be recognized in order to increase the efficiency of the Australian Tourism. Moreover, one other issue that is found is the beh avior of few of the people in respect to the people coming from the different countries. The Government along with the tourism department are trying to stop the negative issues in the business, and enlightening the tourism attraction and business practice in a swiftly and planned manner. Recommendations Various strategic plans are been recommended to the Australian tourism industry s as to earn profits of the entire business process. Several challenges need to be taken by the Government of Australia, in order to increase the long time destinations, to increase the competition among the other tourism market. The challenges also include strong $AUD, availability of best quality products and services in the marketplace. To increase the tourism demand from the Asian countries is also recommended as one of the strong strategic plans of empowering Australian tourism. The increase in the number of workers, practicing excellent skill policies, expanding the traditional workforce, improvement of recruiting policies are been recommended to the Australian tourism group to increase their business profits. Strong skilled HR practices are to be taken by the tourism association, to build a strong business environment and its methods. The tourism agencies are recommended to deliver services with cl ear and achievable vision, clear implementation framework. The Australian Government is recommended to invest the relative amount of money for required travel expenses for the business. The leisure environment should be clean and attractive. Identical and special facilities if offered to the tourists, both National and international tourist visitors will be attracted towards Australian tourism. Hence, the organization team members are been recommended to increase the tourism facilities to enlarge the tourist attraction globally. More the tourist people will visit; more will be the profit of the Australian Tourism business. References Mistilis, N., Buhalis, D. and Gretzel, U., 2014. Future eDestination marketing: the perspective of an Australian tourism stakeholder network.Journal of Travel Research,53(6), pp.778-790. Moyle, B.D., McLennan, C.L.J., Ruhanen, L. and Weiler, B., 2014. Tracking the concept of sustainability in Australian tourism policy and planning documents.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(7), pp.1037-1051.

Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essays

Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman In ?The Yellow Wallpaper?, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the dominant/ submissive relationship between an oppressive husband and his submissive wife pushes her from depression into insanity. It is about the growing madness of a young married woman arising out of the pressures of her life. A woman who is being treated for a case of post-partum depression is slowly driven mad by the treatment itself ? enforced isolation and deprivation of her work, her writing, and her words. Error of human nature seems to play a great role in her breakdown. Her husband, a noted physician, is unwilling to admit that there might really be something wrong with his wife. This same attitude is seen in her brother, who is also a physician. While this attitude, and the actions taken because of it, certainly contributed to her breakdown; it seems to me that there is a rebellious spirit in her. Perhaps unconsciously she seems determined to prove them wrong. As the story begins, the woman tells of her depression and how her husband and brother dismiss it. ? You see, he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression ? a slight hysterical tendency ? what is one to do These two men, both doctors, seem completely unable to admit that there might be more to her condition than just stress and a slight nervous condition. Even when a summer in the country and weeks of bed-rest don't help, her husband refuses to accept that she may have a real problem. Throughout the story there are examples of the dominant-submissive relationship. She is virtually imprisoned in her bedroom, supposedly to allow her to rest and recover her health. She is forbidden to work, ?So I?am absolutely forbidden to ?work? until I am well again.? She is not even supposed to write: ?There comes John, and I must put this away ? he hates to have me write a work.? She has no say in the location or d?cor of the room she is virtually imprisoned in. ?I don't like our room a bit. I wanted?but John would not hear of it.? Another factor is being forbidden to have visitors: ?It is so discouraging not to have any advice and companionship about my work?but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people about now.? Probably in large part because of her oppression, she continues to decline. ?I'm getting really fond of the room in spite of the wallpaper. Perhaps because of the wallpaper. It dwells in the mind so!? Here she is expressing her feelings for the room that she has been forced to live in, as it grows on her. At this point it becomes quite apparent, to the reader, that she is not getting any better. In later lines she talks of herself laying on the bed and trying to follow the lines to their destinations, wherever they might lead. The wallpaper of the room begins to occupy her mind and her writing. Her changing attitudes toward the wallpaper reflect her changing attitudes towards her situation, and eventually towards herself as well. At the beginning she is aware of the influence the wallpaper has on her, and resents it. ?This paper looks to me as if it knew what a vicious influence it had! There is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls at you like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside down. I get positively angry at the impertinence of it and the everlastingness.? Again and again she asks her husband to take her someplace else, where she might be able to get ?advice and companionship about her work?, at the home of her cousins Henry and Julia. He refuses, of course, since he cannot see what is ?haunting? her and also because he does not want to give in to her ?false and foolish fancy?. He is especially harsh with her when she confesses to him her real worries about her situation. ? ?My darling,' said he, ?I beg of you, for my sake and for our child's' sake, as well as for your own, that you will never for one instant let that idea enter your mind! There is nothing so dangerous, so fascinating, to a temperament like yours. It

Linking Verbs and Action Verbs

Linking Verbs and Action Verbs Linking Verbs and Action Verbs Linking Verbs and Action Verbs By Mark Nichol Verbs are divided into two functional categories: copular verbs and action verbs. This post discusses their differences. Copular, or linking, verbs, which express a situation or a state rather than an action or a process (and thus are among the class of verbs called stative verbs), consist of several types of verbs. The basic ones are forms of the verb phrase â€Å"to be†: am, are, be, being, is, was, were, and been. However, become, get, grow, turn, and similar terms, and their tense forms (for example, became and â€Å"will become†), also perform this function, as do those in two other small groups. First, there are the words such as appears and seems, and second, there are what are called the sensory verbs, referring to impressions based on the five senses: feels, looks, smells, sounds, and tastes. (These, of course, also have their tense forms, such as appeared and â€Å"will feel.†) The default for use of copular verbs is that each clause has only one, as in â€Å"I am here, and you are there.† Some languages allow a zero copula omission of a copular verb but in American English, this is an informal usage recommended only in colloquial dialogue, as when one character drops the copular verb when asking another character something such as â€Å"Where you going?† The double copula (for example, â€Å"What it is, is a disaster†) is also common in casual speech but is also discouraged in most writing; such constructions are organized that way for emphasis, but in formal prose, the sentiment is easily expressed more concisely: â€Å"It is a disaster.† A variation of the copular verb is the copular prepositional verb, which includes a verb and a preposition, as in â€Å"feels like† and â€Å"gets into.† Action verbs, by contrast, are the ones that actually describe an accomplishment, achievement, or activity. Accomplishment verbs describe the result of an effort, as in â€Å"He solved the problem just in time.† Achievement verbs describe an instantaneous action, as in â€Å"I saw the dog.† (Although one can continue to see a dog, the initial occurrence the transition from not seeing the dog to seeing it takes place in an instant.) An activity can be definite in duration (â€Å"I walked while I waited for him to get ready†) or indefinite (â€Å"I walked along the road.†) One significant difference in sentence constructions that feature a copular verb and those that include an action verb is the part of speech that might follow the verb. If an action verb is modified, the modifier is an adverb (â€Å"She sifted carefully through the pile of documents†), while a copular verb is followed by an adjective (â€Å"I was careful as I sifted through the pile of documents†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowList of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and AdultsPeople vs. Persons

The Optimal Bar Top Height

The Optimal Bar Top Height The most common height for a bar top, whether it is a kitchen breakfast bar, a basement wet bar, or a commercial bar down at the corner pub is 42-inches. Construction Conventions Standard conventions support the 42-inch bar height. Most pre-made backsplashes are four to six inches tall. When that height is added to the standard countertop height, the backsplash can slip underneath the overhang of the finished bar top for a smooth transition. Comfort The optimal and most ergonomic height for a top that services both the seated and standing user is 42 inches. With a bar stool of the proper height, it is comfortable to sit at a 42-inch bar. This is also a comfortable height for most people to lean against. Additionally, the bar top at this height is in easy reach of a standing person, so they can set their food and drink down without leaning over. A bar top is typically too high to serve as a good seated work surface and is mainly useful for leisure activities. The Multiple Benefits of Bars The main benefits for a bar top come from one person working standing up on one side and another sitting on the other. The bartender has a comfortable height to prepare drinks on his feet and the customer has a comfortable height to drink them while on a seat or standing. The standing bartender is also at a comfortable height to engage the seated customer, whether for the simple business transaction or for the age-old tradition of chatty banter or deep heart-to-hearts that often happen in this setting. The other benefit of a bar top is its aesthetic appeal. In another common context for bars: A kitchen bar top can divide the space up nicely by serving as a transition area, between the cooking area and the eating area.

Co-education and singl-education Research Paper

Co-education and singl-education - Research Paper Example The same is discussed at length in the paper, to arrive at a logical conclusion, regarding the viability and credibility of single-sex education as the most preferred and beneficial environment for learning. Various articles reviewed as a part of this study point to the fact that single-sex education is increasingly preferred as the most feasible strategy in terms of enhancing student performance, offering the best possible opportunities for students, encouraging them to take up leadership roles, reduce gender bias and instances of sexual abuse, increase and improve career preferences by encouraging students to take up gender-dominated occupations, and breaking gender stereotypes by introducing unconventional educational courses which focus on all round development of the students. Historically, educational institutions have been essentially gender specific, where there were separate schools for boys and girls. This study begins with the history of single-sex education in the U.S. and eventually traces the benefits, criticisms and comparison of learning outcomes across various fields, with regard to studies conducted world-wide, to trace the impact and influence of type of educational setting on the students’ learning outcome – not only academically but with respect to their long term benefits as well. According to Bracey (2007) the American educational framework was predominantly oriented toward single-sex education. Such a framework was an outcome of inherent societal structure which was largely patriarchal in nature, where the expectations, opportunities and attitudes towards education of girls varied largely from that of boys. Boys were believed to be more in need of a formalized education since they were naturally assumed to head their families and hence take up more important jobs which required professional training, while girls on the other hand, were assumed to take up family responsibilities and take care of their domestic lives, hence

My First Time in Olympic Stadium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My First Time in Olympic Stadium - Essay Example It was autumn that time, and Greece was not yet very cold. Greece was doing better than my country in terms of economy, thus they could afford good players and able to maintain great team. Some of them are AEK, PAOK, PANATHINAIKOS, and my favorite OLIMPIAKOS. OLIMPIAKOS was my favorite because at one time they let one of the best Albanian player played on their team. As I have said earlier, I was working at the factory and my workmates in the factory are fanatics of OLIMPIAKOS. They often watch games at the stadium and they were telling me that it was not easy to watch at stadiums as seats are reserved early to the fans that are members of the soccer team club, and the other seats are expensive. Some of them though are members of OLIMPIAKOS soccer fan club that's why they have the privilege in getting tickets easily. The approaching Championship League then had PANATHINAIKOS and OLIMPIAKOS for Greek teams to match Real Madrid of Spain, and Ajax of Netherlands. It was the first time o f OLIMPIAKOS to reach the elimination finals, while Ajax was the previous champion, and they were to match in the finals. My workmates were going to buy tickets for the championship. However, in order to get them, they have to get 10 tickets at that time, and they were only nine because one of them had planned to watch the game in Spain. I could be the one to replace that one. I was afraid to ask them though as they may reject me. I know they did like me because we talked about soccer a lot but I was an Albanian and Greeks do not hang out with us, only at work. Other people are paying even higher cost just to buy tickets from other people who already got some. I gathered my guts to take chance in asking them. The worst that could happen is that they will reject me and reminded me that I am not like them. These thoughts I gathered based on experiences or what I observed from the Greeks; how they discriminate non-Greeks in store, in the school, coffee shops, restaurants, and in the pu blic offices. Lucky for me, at work I never experienced that from my workmates. However, it was yet to be determined upon that situation. So I asked one of them. Thanasi was the person who was in-charge of the tickets and I approached him. I asked if I could buy the ticket and go with them to watch the game. He asked the consensus of others first and returned to me. He said yes I could go with them. I was the happiest person in the world that time. I loved thanes for that moment, I even hugged him. I could not believe that they accepted me. I was acting like a child; calling up everyone I knew particularly my fellow immigrants, and my family. My mother though was not happy for me as it involved spending money, and she's worried I might got killed in random fights of the fanatics or in stampede - I happen to be one of the good provider in the family so I understood her concern. Eventually I was able to convince her. My little sister was happy for me and she encouraged me to go and sa id that nothing bad will happen. I went with my friends at the boutique where the tickets are being sold. The store was in the center of the town where I used to live, Elefsina, which is one hour drive from the Athens, or from the Olympic stadium were the game was going to held. The store sells souvenirs like shirts, uniforms, toys, and other things with the OLIMPIAKOS symbols: red and white stripes, which are the team’

The Crucible is both timeless and universal discuss Essay Example for Free

The Crucible is both timeless and universal discuss Essay The Crucible, first written and performed in 1953 as the work of Arthur Miller, was written through the perspective of a man living in an era of radical social and economical traumas. Miller wrote his play at a time when America was only just beginning to make its way past the suffering of the Great Depression and during the McCarthy Hysteria of the 1950s. His work is not merely heavily influenced by these outside affectations but it becomes evident to one observing the social and political climates of Millers time that these are in fact the inspiration for his creation. What Miller wrote was an artists answer to human suffering, not only through the hard times of the depression but also through the politics and in particular the ideological war on communism (and indeed all left-wing views), which was taking place. Such a war, Miller noticed, was comparable to the war which Puritan society waged on the Devil during the Salem with trials of 1962 and indeed such wars are equally comparable to Hitlers vendetta against the Jews during WW2. Such wars, such prejudices and long term states of disagreement, have been recorded since biblical times which described the Egyptians forcing the Jews into slavery. The fact exists that war is an unfortunate symptom of the human condition it is an inescapable side effects of what it means to be human. A central focus within the play is hysteria: The whole countrys talkin witchcraft Word of Betty and Ruths mysterious states spreads so rapidly throughout the village because the matter is one which is of concern to everyone in the village. People tell each other because it is a universal matter, not necessarily one shared by people today, but certainly one shared by Salems people at the time to a great extent: The whole worlds gone daft with this nonsense The reason that people react so severely to the situation is because they fear witchcraft in the same way that the society in which Miller was writing in, in 1952 feared communism. The hysteria surrounding the McCarthy incident is easily comparable to the Salem witch trials, because although the fear has changed with time and location the human nature remains the same and the human instinct to protect itself invokes a mass of people grouping together for protection against what is seen as a threatening group. In 2003 this can be seen even more clearly in the aftermath of the September the 11th incident when The Times printed the article: Is Arab a dirty word? Discussing how many people in America associated all those of Arabic descent with acts of terrorism. Once again this paranoia is invoked by a deep fear which has become integrated into the minds of the people in that society. Intricately linked to this are the ideas of good and evil within the play: Its Gods work we do Throughout the play many people, from Proctor not confessing to a lie, to Cheever taking the accused to what he knows may be their deaths, justify their actions through religion claiming that what they do, they do in Gods will and that is a healthy thing to strike out against those opposed: Let you strike out against the Devil Very similarly capitalist Americans in Millers era believed that they were doing good for the world in seeking out communists, who are portrayed by American society as being evil because they oppose capitalism in making the world a better place. In such a situation the commonly viewed good is capitalism where as its antithesis evil can be supposed to be communism. In 2003 the ordinary people of America view themselves as good people who do no great wrong, and yet are being attacked by terrorists. They see terrorism, or more generally the east and those of Arabic descent, as the evil of the world, because the moral framework imposed by society is not accepting of the taking of an innocent life. However, the girls know that those they are accusing are in fact innocent: Lies, lies It is also possible to suggest that later Danforth realises this but becomes part of the conspiracy in order to protect himself and his position: You know in all your black hearts that this be fraud Very similarly at the time of Millers writing senator Joseph McCarthy was accusing people within the government and authoritarian positions of being communists or sympathizers, and encouraging them to confess and name others. This is very much like the situation within the crucible when the girls knowingly blame innocent people because it is, again, in order to protect themselves. In 2003 corruption can be seen within the British and American governments who justified their invasion of Iraq by claiming that Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction. However since that time, none have been found and many propose that none exist, but leading figures in the movement such as Tony Blair still knowingly untruly claim that Saddam possessed such items in order to protect their own reputations and positions. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

The Inaccessible Inner Life of Wakefield Essay -- Wakefield Stories Es

The Inaccessible Inner Life of â€Å"Wakefield† â€Å"All these—all the meanness and agony without end I sitting looking out upon, See, hear, and am silent.† –Walt Whitman We are presented with a piece of gossip of a man named Wakefield who leaves his wife for twenty years to live in a house the next street over. If this story were workshopped in a present-day fiction writing class, it would be argued that this story has interesting elements but is not, as a whole, an interesting story-- that the story lies within Wakefield’s motivation for leaving or within the reaction of Wakefield’s wife upon the return of her presumed-dead husband, or that the point of view ought to be reconsidered in order to tell the full story. Much of contemporary fiction attempts to tell the story that satisfies the collective urge to know another human being entirely, to finally understand another person’s story. The story of â€Å"Wakefield,† however, admits in the Puritan vein that the story we all want to know is actually unknowable, and can only be imagined. Through examining the whims of others in fiction, the meaning that can be extracted, however universal it may seem coming from the voice of the narrator, is in the end a projection out of our own selves. â€Å"Wakefield† is not about the narrator, the curious plotline, or even about Wakefield himself. â€Å"Wakefield† is about the telling of these things. The first sentence presents the entire plot of â€Å"Wakefield,† obtained from â€Å"some old magazine or newspaper,† stating from the beginning that the story that follows is not only based on heresy but is, in fact, entirely heresy itself. Why would a reader continue reading when the ending is spoiled in the first line and the story is admittedl... ...ng in our lives, and we prove it by finding meaning in his. With his grand conclusion, the narrator warns us that if you step outside the norms of a system, you may become the Outcast of the Universe. But what is it that really makes Wakefield the Outcast of the Universe? Perhaps every man is the Outcast of the Universe when the community attempts to interpret his whims. Why write a story that cannot be told? Why read a story that cannot be told? To feel as though one can tell a story, that one can read a story and be one with a narrator, to feel united, and yet to know, on some level, that we all are Outcasts of the Universe. It is both terrifying and comforting to realize that the community, united and whole, in which we pretend to reside, is in fact a faà §ade for the community of outcasts that struggle to find meaning in one another in order to survive.

Emergence of Critical and Cultural Theories Essay

Culture : the learned behavior of members of a given social group. Cultural studies: Focus use of media to create forms of culture that structure everyday life. Political economy theories: Focus on social elites’ use of economic power to exploit media institutions. 2 There are microscopic interpretive theories that focus on how individuals and social groups use media to create and foster forms of culture that structure everyday life. These theories are referred to as cultural studies theories. There are macroscopic structural theories that focus on how social elites use their economic power to gain ontrol over and 3 Cultural Theory: Theories openly espousing certain values and using these values to evaluate and criticize the status quo providing alternate ways of interpreting the social role of mass media. Those who develop critical theories seek to initiate social change that will implement their values. Political economy theories are inherently critical but some cultural studies 4 Critical theories often provides complex explanations for this tendency of media to consistently do so. E. g: some critical theorists identify constraints on media practitioners that limit their ability to challenge established authority. They charge that few incentives exist to encourage media professionals to overcome these constraints and that media 5 Critical theory often analyzes specific social institutions, probing the extent to which valued objects are sought and achieved. Mass Media and the mass culture have been linked to a variety of social problems, they are criticized for aggravating or preventing problems from being identified or addressed. A common theme in critical theories of media is that content production is so constrained 6 Consider for example, the last time you read news about members of a social ovement that strongly challenged the status quo? Why were the college students who protested against the Communist Chinese government in Tiananmen Square â€Å"heroes of democracy’ and those in American anti-war â€Å"hippies† and â€Å"radicals? † Stories about movements imply problems with 7 – controntation. Movement leaders demand coverage ot their complaints and they stage demonstrations designed to draw public attention to their concerns. Elites seek to minimize coverage or to exercise â€Å"spin control† so that the coverage favors their position. How do Journalists handle this? How should they handle it? Existing research indicates that this coverage almost always degenerates movements and supports elites. 8 Critical theory: Strengths: 1. Is politically based, actionoriented. 2. Uses theory and research to plan change in the real world. 3. Asks big, important questions about media control and ownership. 9 Weaknesses: 3. When subjected to scientific verification, often employs innovative but controversial research methods. 0 Rise of Cultural Theories in Europe: Despite its long life in American Social Science, the Limited Effects Paradigm never enjoyed great popularity in europe. European social research has instead been characterized by what U. S. Observers regard as grand social theories. Grand Social Theory: Highly ambitious, 1 1 In Europe, the development of grand social theory remained a central concern i n the social sciences and humanities. Mass society theory gave way to a succession of alternate ideas. Some were limited to specific nations and others spread across many countries. Some of the most widely accepted have been based on the writings of Karl Marx. Marxist theory influenced even the theories that were created in reaction against it. Marxist ideas formed a foundation or touch stone for most postworld War II european social theory and research. 12 Cold War politics colored much of the U. S. Response to it. Ironically, in the 1970s and 1980s, at the very time that Marxist failed as a practical guide for politics and economics in Eastern Europe, grand social theories based on Marxist thought were gaining increasing acceptance in Western Europe. 3 MARXIST THEORY: Marxist Theory: Theory arguing that the hierarchical class system is at the root of all social problems and must be ended by a revolution of the proletariat. Karl Marx developed this theory in the latter part of the nineteenth century during one of the most volatile periods of social change in Europe. In some respects, his theory is yet another version ot mass society theory- – but witn se veral very important alterations and additions. 14 He identified industrialization and urbanization as problems but argued that these changes were not inherently bad. Instead, he blamed ruthless robber baron capitalists for exacerbating social problems because they maximized personal profits by exploiting workers. Marx argued that the hierarchical class system was the root of ll social problems and must be ended by a revolution of the workers or proletariat. He believed that elites dominated society primarily through their direct control over the means of production (i. e. , labor, factories, land) which he referred to as the base of society. 15 But elites also maintained themselves in power through their control over culture, or the superstructure of society. He saw culture as something that elites freely manipulated to mislead average people and encourage them to act against their own interest. He used the term ideology to refer to these forms of culture. To him, ideology operated much like a drug. Those who were under its influence fail to see how they are being exploited. In worst cases, they are so deceived, that they actually 16 – undermine their own interests and do things that increase the power of elites while making their own lives even worse. Marx concluded that the only hope for social change was a revolution in which the masses seized control of the base the means of production. Control over the superstructure -over ideology would naturally follow. He saw little possibility that reforms in the super structure could ead to social evolution, or if it could, that -that transformation would be very slow in coming. Elites would never willingly surrender POWER. Power must be taken from them. Little purpose would be served by making minor changes in ideology 17 – without first dominating the means of production. Neomarxist Theory: Contemporary incarnation of Marxist theory focusing attention on the super structure. The importance that Neomarxists attach to the super structure has created a fundamental division within Marxism. Many neomaxists assume that useful change can begin with peaceful, ideological reform rather than violent revolution in which he working class seizes control of the means of production. 18 Some neomarxists have developed critiques that call for radically transforming the superstructure while others call for modest reforms. Tensions have arisen among scholars who base their work on Marx’s ideas over the value of the work being done by 19 the various neomarxist schools. Textual Analysis and Literary Criticism: Modern european cultural studies theories have a second, very different source a tradition of humanist criticism of religious and literary texts that is referred to hermeneutics. Hermeneutics: the interpretation f texts to identify their actual or real meaning. 20 -humanists who worked to identify and preserve what came to be known as the â€Å"literary canon† a body of the great literature. The literary canon was part of what was referred to as high culture, a set of cultural artifacts including music, art, literature, and poetry that humanists Judged to have the highest value. 1 – the level of culture to enable even more people to become humane and civilized. Over the years, many different methods for analyzing written texts have emerged from hermeneutics. They share a common purpose: to criticize old and new cultural ractices so that those most deserving of attention can be identified and explained and the less deserving can b e dismissed. This task can be compared with that of movie critics who tell us which films are good or bad and assist us in appreciating or avoiding them. The primary difference is that movie critics are typically not committed to promoting higher 22 – cultural values; they only want to explain which movies we are likely to find entertaining. THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL One early prominent school of neo-marxist theory developed during the 1930s at the University of Frankfurt and became known as the Frankfurt School. 3 Two of the most prominent individuals associated with the school were Max Horkheimer, its long time head, and Theodor Adorno, a prolific and cogent theorist. Horheimer and Adorno were openly skeptical that high culture could or should be communicated through mass media. Adorno argued that radio broadcasts or records couldn’t begin to adequately reproduce the sound of a live symphony orchestra. He ridiculed the reproduction of great art in 24 – magazines or the reprinting of great novels in condensed, serialized form. He claimed that mass media reproductions of high culture were inferior and diverted eople from seeking out (and paying for) the â€Å"real thing† if bad substitutes for high culture were readily available, he believed too many people would settle for them and fail to support better forms of culture. The Frankfurt School has been criticized along with other forms of traditional humanism for being too elitist and paternalistic. By rejecting the possibility of using media to disseminate 25 – high culture, most ot the population was ettectively denied access to it Many ot the school’s criticisms of media paralleled those of mass society theory and had the same limitations. The Frankfurt School eventually had a direct impact on American social research because the rise of the Nazis forced its Jewish members into exile. 26 During the period of exile, however, Frankfurt School Theorists remained prodductive. They devoted considerable effort, for example, to the critical analysis of Nazi culture and the way it undermined and perverted high culture. In their view, Nazism grounded on a phony, artificially constructed folk culture that had been cynically created and manipulated by Hitler and his propagandists. 27 Nazism helped them envision the Germany they longed to see – a unified, proud ation with a long history of achievement and a glorious future. As they rose to power, the Nazis replaced high culture with their pseudofolk culture and discredited important forms of high culture, especially those created by Jews. 8 DEVELOPMENT OF NEOMARXIST THEORY IN BRITAIN: Dunng the 1960s and 1970s , two important schools of neomarxist theory emerged in Great Britain. British Cultural studies and political economy theory. British cultural studies combines neomarxist theory with ideas and research methods derived from diverse sources including literary criticism, linguistics, anthropology, and h istory. This theory has attempted to trace historic elite domination over culture, to criticize the 29 – social consequence of this domination and to demonstrate how it continues to be exercised over specific minority groups or subcultures. British cultural studies criticizes and contrasts elite notions of culture, including high culture, with popular, every day forms practiced by minorities. The superiority of all forms of elite culture including high culture is challenged and compared with useful, valuable forms of popular culture. Hermeneutic attention is shifted from the study of elite cultural rtifacts to the study of minority grouped â€Å"Lived culture. † 30 Graham Murdock(1989) traced the rise of British cultural studies during the 1950s and 1960s. Most important theorists came from the lower social classes that were the focus of the movies. The British cultural studies critique of high culture and ideology was an explicit rejection of what its proponents saw as alien forms of culture imposed on minorities. They defended indigenous forms of popular culture as legitimate expressions of minority groups/ A dominant early theorist was Raymond Williams, a literary scholar who achieved 31 Notoriety with his reappraisals of cultural development in England. William’s ideas were viewd with suspicion and skepticism by many of his colleagues at Cambridge University. Toward the end of 1960s and into the 1970s, Williams turned his attention to mass media. He was more broadly concerned with issues of cultural change and development as well as elite domination ot culture. 3 – repackaged as popular, mass media content. If there were to be genuine progress, he felt, it would have to come through significant reform of social institutions. The first important school of cultural studies theorists was formed at the University of Birmingham, during the 1960s and was led by Stuart Hall. Hall (1982) was especially influential in directing several analyses of mass media that directly challenge limited effects notions and in introducing innovative alternatives. Building on ideas developed by Jurgen Habermas(1971 , 1989) and Williams, Hall argued that mass media liberal -democracies can be best understood as a pluralistic public forum in which various forces struggle to shape popular notions about social reality. Pluralistic Public Forum: In critical theory, the idea that media provide a place where the power of dominant lite can be challenged. British Cultural Studies: Strengths: 1 . Asserts value of popular culture 2. Empowers â€Å"Common Man† 34 3. Empowers minorities and values their culture. 4. Stresses cultural pluralism and egalitarianism. Weaknesses: 1. Is too political; call to action is to subjective 2. Typically lacks scientific verification; is based on subjective observation. 3. When subjected to scientific verification, often employs innovative but controversial research methods. 35 Unlike traditional Marxists, Hall did not argue that elites can maintain complete control over this forum. In his view, elites don’t need that power to advance their interests. The culture expressed in this forum is not a mere superficial reflection of the superstructure but is instead a dynamic creation of opposing groups.

Spectroscopy Lab Report

cName: Nicholas CasselGen Chem 1210 23 March 2013 Blinded By the Light Abstract: In this experiment we were provided a cereal box spectrometer to observe the emission lines of noble gases and hydrogen. Based on the scale readings on the spectrometer and the Balmer-Rydberg formula, their wavelengths and percent error were able to be extrapolated. Based on the literature values, the cereal box spectrometer proved its value as a decently accurate spectrometer. Introduction: Every element and subsequent atom associated emits light; also know as electromagnetic radiation, when in an excited state.Analyzing this emitted light can give insight to the makeup and characteristics of them. The light given off by an energetically excited atom is not a continuous distribution of all possible wavelengths, but rather consists of a few wavelengths giving a series of discrete lines. Spectroscopy is the analysis of that emitted light and its dispersion into to it’s component wavelengths and col ors. Niels Bohr explained the discrete spectrum of hydrogen? by relating it to the electron. Normally the electron in the hydrogen atom is located in the first energy-level.When a hydrogen atom atoms gains energy, the electron moves from a lower energy-level to one of higher energy. The energy gained by the atom is exactly the amount of energy needed to move the electron from the lower energy-level to the higher energy-level. With its electron in a higher energy-level, the atom is now in an unstable, higher energy, excited state. The tendency is for electrons to occupy the lowest level available. So shortly after gaining the energy, the electron returns to a lower energy-level. Energy must be given up when this occurs, and the energy is lost as light.Each line in the emitted light of hydrogen represents the movement of an electron from a specific outer level to a specific inner one. We judge this emitted light against the electromagnetic spectrum with a spectrometer. A spectrometer is an instrument that gathers light particles (photons) and is able to determine the chemical make-up of the source. A spectrometer breaks up a beam of light into its component colors. Usually it uses a prism or a diffraction grating. Light goes in as a beam of white light and is split into a rainbow. Particular atoms generate light at particular frequencies (colors) and so can be identified in the lab.The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. This range extends from sub-radio waves to gamma rays. Visible light falls within this spectrum. The light emitted by each element is independently different and has different â€Å"colors† that can be seen on the spectrum. The Balmer-Rydberg formula is used to describe the emission lines of hydrogen across the entire spectrum and not just visible light. The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to see the emitted wavelengths of elements through a spectroscope and calculate th e wavelengths with the Balmer-Rydberg formula.Then with the calculations, relate them to the atom. I believe that with the correct calculations and comparisons the wavelengths, each emission line will be able to be determined. Experimental The procedures as per the lab manual page 258 (Grossie, Underwood, 2012) were to first calibrate our spectroscope with helium. Looking at helium through the spectroscope, the emission lines where seen and recorded. That data was then put into Microsoft Excel and put into a graph. From the graph a formula was extrapolated. The spectroscope was used to observe and record the fours spectral lines of hydrogen.The calibration plot from helium determine the wavelengths of each of the lines by extrapolation. Comparing the calculated wavelengths to those determined from the calibration plot, and then calculate the percent error for the values. Then the spectroscope was used to view the spectral lines of argon, krypton, neon and Xenon. These noble gasses a re then calculated in the same manner as hydrogen. Data Results The wavelengths (? ) for helium for the calibration were given to us in our lab manual on page 261 (Grossie, D. , et al. 2012). With the spectroscope, the helium in the discharge tube was observed. The emission line scale eading and colors were then recorded on table 1. 1 which can be found below. These values where then put into an excel spreadsheet and graph was formed (table 1. 2). An equation was then extrapolated from the data that would give the experimental wavelength (expt ? ) values that will be used for later values. The trend line for table 1. 2 was established to see the relationship between wavelength and scale readings. Expt ? =a ? +b Expt ? =7. 1541 ? + 343. 12 TABLE 1. 1 Helium Calibration ? (nm)| Scale Reading| Color| 667. 8| 45| Red| 587. 6| 35| Yellow| 501. 6| 22| Green| 492. 2| 20| Blue-green| 471. 3| 18| Blue| 47. 1| 15| Violet| TABLE 1. 2 Helium Calibration Graph Then, by measuring and calculating the emission lines in the hydrogen line spectrum, the data on table 1. 3 was collected. The calculated wavelength (Calc ? ) was determined by the Balmer-Rydberg formula. 1? =R(1m2-1n2) R=Rydberg Constant=1. 0968x107m-1 The percent error was then calculated by the following equation. error %=(calc ? -expt ? )calc ? The experimental wavelength (expt ? ) was determined with, Expt ? =7. 1541 ? + 343. 12 TABLE 1. 3 Hydrogen Emission Scale Reading| Color| Expt ? | m| n| Calc ? | ? % error|   |   |   | 1| 2|   |   | |   |   | 1| 3|   |   |   |   | 1| 4|   |   | 45| Red| 665. 05| 2| 3| 656. 11| 1. 36| 26| Green| 529. 12| 2| 4| 486| 8. 87| 13| Blue| 436. 12| 2| 5| 433. 94| 0. 5| 29| Indigo| 550. 58| 2| 6| 410. 07| 34. 26| |   |   | 3| 4|   |   | |   |   | 3| 5|   |   | |   |   | 3| 6|   |   | The measuring and calculating of the emission lines in the Neon, Argon, Krypton and Xenon line spectrums yielded the data on tables 1. 4-1. 7. The calcu lated wavelength (Calc ? ) was determined by the Balmer-Rydberg formula. 1? =R(1m2-1n2) R=Rydberg Constant=1. 0968x107m-1 The percent error was then calculated by the following equation. error %=(calc ? -expt ? )calc ?The experimental wavelength (expt ? ) was determined with, Expt ? =7. 1541 ? + 343. 12 TABLE 1. 4 Neon Emission Ne Scale Reading| Color| Expt ? | Calc ? | % error| 45| Red| 665. 05| 640. 2| 3. 88| 38| Orange| 614. 97| 607. 4| 1. 24| 35| Yellow| 593. 51| 588. 2| 0. 9| 27| Green| 536. 28| 540. 1| 0. 7| TABLE 1. 5 Argon Emission Ar Scale Reading| Color| Expt ? | Calc ? | % error| 10| Violet| 414. 66| 454. 6| 8. 78| 32| Yellow| 572. 05| 514. 5| 11. 18| 54| Red| 729. 44| 528. 7| 37. 96| TABLE 1. 6 Krypton Emission Kr Scale Reading| Color| Expt ? | Calc ? | % error| 30| Green| 557. 74| 476. 3| 17. 09| 13| Violet| 436. 12| 406. | 7. 31| 15| Blue Violet| 450. 43| 415. 4| 8. 43| 34| Yellow| 586. 35| 520. 8| 12. 58| TABLE 1. 7 Xenon Emission Xe Scale Reading| Color| Expt ? | Cal c ? | % error| 21| Green| 493. 35| 513. 1| 3. 84| 18| Blue| 471. 89| 464. 3| 1. 63| Discussion The helium trend line in table 1. 2 shows that as the longer the wavelength gets, higher the scale rating becomes. This is because the longer the wavelength is, the less energy it has. The emission lines of hydrogen were then observed and recorded on table 1. 3 with the scale readings. The m and n levels were already given to us on the table prior to the beginning of the lab.Using the Balmer-Rydberg formula, the wavelength could be calculated. Using the calibration of helium, the experimental calculation was able to be determined with the equation extrapolated from excel. The two results gave rise to the error calculations. Comparing the hydrogen results with tables 1. 4 – 1. 7, its can be seen that there is a trend of the longer the wavelength is, the more percent error there is. Through our cereal box spectrometers, the emission lines of the low energy waves viewed a the color red are more broad than that of the high energy waves because theirs are much longer respectively.This makes it more difficult to determine the exact scale reading. With the correct calculations as proposed, each emission line was able to be determined. Conclusion The ability to observe emission lines then decipher the element is a useful application in the fields of astronomy. Astronomers are able to view the emissions and determine the chemical make up of a specific object billions of miles away. The data collected indicated that as the lower the energy of the waves, there was a error percentage. This error is also from a cereal box spectrometer.It can be inferred that there is an inherent amount of decreased precision in assessing the scale readings. Future experiments could still make use of the cereal box but also have a laboratory quality spectrometer to compare accuracy too. There could be significant human error in the construction of the cereal box versions. The results of thi s experiment, bar any inaccuracy, where still in line of the calibrated helium. References: Grossie, D. & Underwood K. (2011). Laboratory Guide for Chemistry. â€Å"Atomic Spectrometry†, Wright State University. Dayton, OH.

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The one after it in the passage, which would go after the sentence we choose as the answer to this question, mentions an outcome that applies to both the movie star and the narrator. The correct answer is a direct comparison between the two- without it, the paragraph is a bit weird, but not confusing. These are difficult because they’re subtle, but the idea is the same as #30: which sentence best connects the sentences that go before and after it? The Wording Question It asks†¦ ...which of five words or phrases would be best to replace another word. It’s really testing†¦ ...whether you know how to be specific. It addresses the problem†¦ ...that students are often (read: almost always) far too vague in their writing, both in high school and college, because it’s easier to be vague. The essay is where the SAT tries to test this the most stringently, but they kind of take a stab at it here, too. 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Most academic texts don’t start with a main idea like, â€Å"Cities have too much sprawl; it should be reduced.† Instead, they say something like â€Å"The strip malls designed to serve residents of new housing developments in many suburbs are not suitable replacements for historic districts or unique, local culture.† It could be argued that the first statement is clearer and thus better, but many of the works you’ll read in college will be even less clear than the second statement above, so the SAT tries to test your ability to see through the nonsense to the author’s point. The PhrasingQuestion It asks... ...you to revise half of a sentence. It’s really testing†¦ ...whether you know how to be concise. It addresses the problem†¦ ...that students use more words than they need to in communicating their points. Most of the revision questions in Improving Paragraphs are about conciseness; that’s why it’s called Improving Paragraphs and not Fixing Errors That Happen to Be in Paragraphs. 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Bonus Time: Improving Paragraphs is Useful for the Essay Too And here’s your prize for reading all the way to the end! The underlined phrases above (and below) comprise a concise set of guidelines for the SAT essay (and, really, most essays). Use transitions: the joints between paragraphs are the places readers read first. Make sure you move smoothly from one idea to the next. Organize: keep like ideas together and don’t repeat yourself. Be specific: as much as possible, use concrete names, places, and dates; instead of ‘great’ or ‘terrible,’ use specific adjectives like ‘progressive’ or ‘destructive.’ Use examples and stories: rather than hypothetical, â€Å"what-if† scenarios, you can invent situations and events to illustrate your point, so do it! Be concise: cut the fluff, it doesn’t add to your essay, and the readers see it as repetition, which hurts your score. 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